1207 - 1272 (65 years)
| Name | Henry III Plantagenet [6, 7] | |
| Suffix | King of England, Duke of Aquitaine, Lord of Ireland | |
| Born | 10 Oct 1206/7 | Winchester Castle, Winchester, Hampshire, England  [7] |
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Plan of Winchester Castle From an 1871 plan |
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Winchester Castle, Remains of the Passageway Tower Entrance |
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Winchester Castle, Remains of the Passageway Tower |
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| Christened | 28 Oct 1210 | |
| Gender | Male | |
| Occupation | 18 Oct 1216 | |
| King: 18/9 Oct 1216 to 16 Nov 1272. Duke of Aquitaine. Imprisoned by nobles. | ||
| History | 28 Oct 1216 | Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England |
| Henry III, was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne because Prince Louis of France had taken control of the city and so was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral, but this coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in Westminster Abbey on 17 May 1220. | ||
| History | 12 Nov 1216 | England |
| Under King John's rule, the barons had supported an invasion by Prince Louis of France because they disliked the way that the king had ruled the country. However, they quickly saw that the young prince Henry was a safer option. Henry's regentis (proxy head of state for a minor) reissued Magna Carta in Henry's name on 12 Nov 1216 and again in 1217, omitting some clauses, such as King of the Scots, Alexander II's claims to disputed northern territories. When Henry turned 18 in 1225 Magna Carta, became shorter still with only 37 articles. | ||
| History | 1225 | Waverley Abbey, Farnham, Surrey, England |
| King Henry III visits Waverley Abbey | ||
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Waverley Abbey, Farnham, Surrey, England |
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| History | 31 Jul 1255 | Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England |
| 8 year old Hugh of Lincoln disappeared on 31 Jul 1255 and his body was discovered in a well on 29 Aug 1255. Shortly after Hugh's disappearance, a local Jew named Copin (or Jopin) admitted to killing the child after he was threatened with torture. In his confession Copin stated that it was the custom of the Jews to crucify a Christian child every year (in fact Jews avoid blood with abhorrence as it is considered to defile). Copin was executed, and the story might have ended there were if not for a series of events that coincided with the disappearance. Six months earlier, king Henry III had sold his rights to tax the Jews to his brother, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. Having lost this source of income, Henry decided he was eligible for the Jews' money if they were convicted of crimes. As a result of Lincoln's 'Blood Libel', some 90 Jews were arrested and held in the Tower of London charged with involvement in the ritual murder. 18 were hanged. it was the first time ever that a civil government handed out a death sentence for ritual murder, and King Henry was able to take over their property. The remaining Jews were pardoned and set free. The child became a martyred christian, Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln with his shrine in Lincoln Cathedral. Only in 1955 did the Anglican Church apologise for 'the Blood Libel' | ||
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Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln Plaque commemorating Hugh of Lincoln in Lincoln Cathedral |
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| History | 1267 | Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England |
| Roger Bacon (b. abt.1214 d.1294) of the Order of Friars Minor publishes his Opus Majus "Greater Work" which contains treatments of mathematics and optics, alchemy, and the positions and sizes of the celestial bodies. After studying under Robert Grosseteste (b. abt.1175 d.9 Oct 1253) the Bishop of Lincoln Bacon and writer of the Method of Verification, Bacon would become an advocate of experimental science. He was inspired by the works of Aristotle and later Arabic works, such as the works of Muslim scientist Alhazen (b. 965 Basra, Mesopotamia, Iraq d. abt. 1040 Cairo, Egypt). Between 1237 and 1245, Bacon began to lecture at the University of Paris, then the centre of intellectual study in Europe. Bacon is often considered the first European to describe a mixture containing the essential ingredients of gunpowder. However its development for usage took many decades later to perfect. | ||
| Will | In his will, dated 1st July 1253, he lists: Edward his eldest son and heir, His illustrious Queen Eleanor, Th Countess of kent, (sister-in-law), Aymer, elect of Winchester (half-brother) Richard Earl of Cornwall (brother). | |
| Died | 16 Nov 1272 | Westminster, Middlesex, England [7] |
| Buried | 20 Nov 1272 | Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England |
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| Person ID | I1748533825 | Red1st |
| Last Modified | 30 Nov 2017 | |
| Father | John'Lackland (Sans Terre)' Plantagenet, King of England, Deposed Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Lord of Ireland, b. 24 Dec 1166, Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England , d. 19 Oct 1216, Newark Castle, Newark on Trent, Nottinghamshire, England (Age 49 years) | |
| Mother | Isabella de Taillefer, Dowager Queen, b. Abt 1180/1188, Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France , d. 31 May 1245/6, L'abbaye de Fontevraud (Fontevrault Abbey), Fontevraud-l'abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, France | |
| Married | 26 Aug 1200 | Bordeaux (Gascon), Aquitaine, France |
| Family ID | F672152085 | Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Family | Eleanor Berengar, Queen of England, Countess of Provence, b. 24 Jan 1217, Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France , d. 24 Jun 1291, Ambresbury Hundred, Wiltshire, England (Age 74 years) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Married | 14 Jan 1236 | Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England [8] |
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| Family ID | F672151536 | Group Sheet | Family Chart | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Photos | | Henry III Gilt-bronze tomb effigy in Westminster Abbey; the effigy was commissioned from William Torel in 1291 © Dean and Chapter of Westminster |
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