1600 - 1649 (48 years)| Name | Charles I Stuart [2, 3] | |
| Suffix | King of England, Scots and Ireland | |
| Born | 19 Nov 1600 | Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland  [4, 5] |
| Christened | 23 Dec 1601 | Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland [6] |
| Gender | Male | |
| History | 11 May 1625 | England |
| Within months of becoming king, Charles married, by proxy, a French Roman Catholic Princess, Henrietta Maria de Bourbon, the King of France Louis XIV's aunt raising fears of a Catholic heir in England. Charles also wanted to unite the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, fulfilling the dream of his father, James I of England (James VI of Scotland). Charles shared his father's position on the power of the crown (James had described kings as 'little Gods on Earth', chosen by God to rule in accordance with the doctrine of the 'Divine Right of Kings'. Charles expected outright loyalty in return for 'just rule'. He considered any questioning of his orders as, at best, insulting. This trait, and seemingly minor events on their own, would lead to a serious break between Charles and his English Parliament, and eventually to Civil War. | ||
| Residence | 13 Jun 1625 | Kings House, formerly the Abbot’s Lodgings, St. Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, Kent, England |
| At time of marriage | ||
| Occupation | 02 Feb 1626 | Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England |
| King: 27 Mar 1625 to 30 Jan 1649. Succeeded by the English Council of State or Protector's Privy Council: 14 Feb 1649 to 30 Apr 1653. Then Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector. | ||
| History | 24 May 1626 | Hatfield Chase, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England |
| Hatfield Chase was a low-lying area in South Yorkshire, England which often flooded from the the rivers Don, Torne and Idle, which meander to the Trent at its entrance to the Humber. Also known from Penda, King of Mercia's victory at the Battle of Hatfield Chase in 633. The whole area, apart from the Isle of Axholme, is less than 10 feet above sea level and liable to frequent flooding. The area included some common land but it was unlawful to take fish or game though many locals gained their livelihood by fishing and fowling as the area was unsuitable for agriculture. It was a royal hunting ground until King Charles I appointed Dutch engineer Cornelius Vermuyden to drain it in 1626. King Charles was keen to make his assets profitable and the contract divided the land into three parts, one for the King, one for the (capital) adventurers who would drain the land and the remainder for locals who had interests in the land. The scheme was imposed despite huge opposition from locals who would lose their livelihoods in favour of already great landowners. | ||
| Occupation | 08 Jun 1633 | Holyrood (Holy Cross) Abbey, Canongate, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland |
| Crowned King of Scots | ||
| History | 1638 | Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland |
| The National Covenant of 1638 documented and concluded the Scottish Reformation (Scotland's formal break with the Papacy in 1560) and promoted and developed Presbyterianism as its form of church government favoured by the Scottish people, as opposed to Episcopacy, favoured by the Crown. The Scottish Episcopal Church has no jurisdiction in Scotland. | ||
| History | 23 Oct 1642 | Edge Hill, Warwickshire, England |
| The English Civil War starts with the Battle of Edgehill. After the Parliamentary artillery opened a cannonade, the Royalists attacked. Both armies consisted mostly of inexperienced and sometimes ill-equipped troops. Many men from both sides fled or fell out to loot enemy baggage, and neither army was able to gain a decisive advantage. | ||
| History | 28 Jul 1643 | Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England |
| Battle of Gainsborough: Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham captured Gainsborough in Lincolnshire for the Parliament Roundheads from the Earl of Kingston in a night attack. The Earl was later killed by a cannon ball from his own men as he was being taken as prisoner down the river | ||
| History | 14 Jun 1645 | Naseby, Market Harborough, Leicestershire, England |
| The Battle of Naseby was the key battle of the (first) English Civil War. The main army of King Charles I was destroyed by the Parliamentarian New Model Army under Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell. | ||
| History | 28 Dec 1647 | Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England |
| Although King Charles I was a prisoner, he negotiated a new agreement with the Scots promising church reform which led to a Second Civil War. Nearly all the Royalists who had fought in the First Civil War had given their parole not to bear arms against the Parliament, and many honourable Royalists, refused to break their word. The victors in the Second Civil War showed little mercy to those who had brought war into the land again. | ||
| History | Dec 1648 | Houses of Parliament, the Palace of Westminster (the King's Palace), Westminster, Middlesex, England |
| The betrayal by Charles I caused Parliament to debate whether to return the King to power at all. The New Model Army marched on Parliament, arrested 45 Members of Parliament (MPs) and kept 146 out of the chamber. They allowed only 75 Members in, and then only at the Army's bidding. This Rump Parliament received orders to set up, in the name of the people of England, a High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I for treason. Charles I was found guilty of high treason, as a "tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy" | ||
| Died | 30 Jan 1649 | The Mansion House, Whitehall, Westminster, Middlesex, England [4] |
| Cause: Beheaded | ||
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| Buried | 12 Feb 1649 | St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England |
| Cause: In the same vault at Henry VIII and Jane Seymour | ||
| Person ID | I1749991303 | Red1st |
| Last Modified | 20 Jul 2013 | |
| Father | James VI(James I) Stuart, King of Scotland, England and Ireland, b. 19 Jun 1566, Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland , d. 27 Mar 1625, Theobalds Palace (Theobalds House (Park)), Cedars Park, Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England (Age 58 years) | |
| Mother | Anne, Queen consort of Scotland, England and Ireland, Princess of Denmark, b. 12 Dec 1574, Skanderborg, Denmark , d. 02 Mar 1619, Hampton Court Palace, Hampton, Middlesex, England (Age 44 years) | |
| Married | Nov 1589 | Upslo, Denmark [7] |
| Family ID | F1944123592 | Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Family | HenriettaMaria de Bourbon, Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland, Princess of France, b. 25 Nov 1609, Palais-Royal (Palais-Cardinal), Palais du Louvre, Paris, Île-de-France, France , d. 10 Sep 1669, Château St. Colombes, Paris, Île-de-France, France (Age 59 years) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Married | 13 Jun 1625 | Canterbury, Kent, England |
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| Type: By proxy 11 May 1625, Paris, Île-de-France, France | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Last Modified | 21 Aug 2014 02:34:02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Family ID | F672661633 | Group Sheet | Family Chart | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Photos |  | Charles I Charles I in three positions - multiple portrait by Sir Anthony Van Dyck (1599-1641) The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II |
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