1500 - 1558 (58 years)| Name | Charles V( Carlos I of Spain) Habsburg | |
| Suffix | Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, House of Spanish Habsburg | |
| Born | 24 Feb 1500 | Ghent (Gent), Oost-Vlaanderen (East Flanders), Belgium  |
| Gender | Male | |
| Occupation | 1506 | Ghent (Gent), Oost-Vlaanderen (East Flanders), Belgium |
| Ruler of the Low Countries and Franche-Comté: 15-19 to 1556 Holy Roman Emperor: 1519 to 1556 King of Spain: 1516 to 1556 He ruled over extensive domains in Central, Western and Southern Europe and Castilian (Spanish) colonies in the Americas. | ||
| History | 31 Oct 1517 | Wittenberg upon Elbe, Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Germany |
| A monk Martin Luther, born Hans Luder 10 Nov 1483 Eisleben, Germany part of the Holy Roman Empire, wrote to Albrecht, Archbishop of Mainz and Magdeburg, protesting at what he saw as a corrupt, wicked and useless practice of the church selling indulgences, certificates that cleansed sins and offered salvation to avoid time in purgatory (a Catholic concept adopted from Augustine of Hippo, where souls of those who die in a state of grace undergo a process of purification to expiate their sins). He enclosed in his letter a copy of his 'Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences' which came to be known as The 95 Theses. Hans Hillerbrand writes that Luther had no intention of confronting the church, rather a scholarly objection to church practices, and the writing tone is 'searching, rather than doctrinaire'. The same day, according to Philipp Melanchthon, writing in 1546 Luther nails a copy of the 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. Luther is called before the Diet of Worms in 1521. Alone against all of the church, believing himself to be a prophet of 'the end of days' and declaring the Pope to be the Antichrist, he refuses to submit to the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles I and is declared a heretic, excommunicated and declared an outlaw of the state as a consequence. Frederick III, Elector of Saxony had him discreetly abducted by masked horsemen and taken to Wartburg Castle, Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany. Here Luther transcribes the New Testament, which until this time was restricted to Latin readers, into German, the Lutheran Bible, published in Sep 1522 and selling 5,000 copies in two months. The result was 'The Reformation', christian doctrine was shattered into many radical factions. Christian civil war began between Catholicism and Protestantism. | ||
| History | 1520 | Mexico |
| Large-scale extraction of silver from the rich deposits of Mexico's Guanajuato began to be greatly augmented by the silver mines in Mexico's Zacatecas and Bolivia's Potosí from 1546. These silver shipments re-built the Spanish economy, leading to the importation of luxuries and grain. They also became indispensable in financing her military capability. | ||
| History | 1521 | Italy |
| Much of Charles V's reign was taken up by conflict with France, which was encircled by Charles's empire but still maintained ambitions in Italy. The Forth Italian war against Charles V's nemesis Francis I King of France began in 1521 (the First Italian War was fought and lost by Charles VIII King of France between 1494 and 1495). The conflict arose from animosity over the election of Charles as Emperor in 1519 and from Pope Leo X's need to ally with Charles against Protestant followers of Martin Luther. Charles allied with Henry VIII of England and Pope Leo X against the French and the Venetians, and was highly successful. | ||
| History | 1524 | Bad Frankenhausen, Thuringia, Germany |
| The Peasants' War (Deutscher Bauernkrieg, the German Peasants' War) was a popular revolt in 1524/5. It consisted of a series of economic as well as religious revolts by peasants, townsfolk and nobles. The conflict took place mostly in southern, western, and central Germany but also affected areas in neighbouring Switzerland and Austria. At its height in the spring and summer of 1525 it involved an estimated 300,000 peasants with 100,000 dead. It was Europe's largest and most widespread popular uprising before the French Revolution in 1789. Bad Frankenhausen houses the world's largest painting (Peasants' War Panorama) depicting 3,000 individuals (Werner Tübke, 1989) | ||
| History | 24 Feb 1525 | Pavia, Lombardy, Italy |
| The Battle of Pavia, fought on the morning of 24 Feb 1525, was the decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1521-26. A Spanish-Imperial army under the nominal command of Charles de Lannoy in conjunction with the garrison of Pavia, commanded by Antonio de Leyva attacked the French army under the personal command of Francis I King of France in the great hunting preserve of Mirabello outside the city walls. In the four-hour battle, the French army was split and defeated. The French suffered massive casualties, including many of the French noblility; Francis I was captured by the Spanish troops, imprisoned by Charles V and forced to sign the humiliating Treaty of Madrid, surrendering significant territory to his captor. The outcome of the battle cemented Spanish Habsburg ascendancy in Italy. Charles V, lacking funds to pay for the war, decided to forgo his marriage to the nine year old Princess Mary Tudor which he had promised Henry VIII and sought instead to marry Isabella of Portugal, who would bring with her a more substantial dowry. | ||
| History | 6 May 1527 | Rome (Roma), Lazio (Latium), Italy |
| When Francis I King of France was released, he had the Parliament of Paris denounce the Treaty of Milan (1525) because it had been signed under duress. France then joined the League of Cognac that Pope Clement VII had formed with Henry VIII of England, the Venetians, the Florentines, and the Milanese to resist imperial domination of Italy. In the ensuing war, Charles V's 'Sack of Rome' (evident damage of which still exists today) and virtual imprisonment of Pope Clement VII prevented him from annulling the marriage of Henry VIII to Charles V's aunt Catherine of Aragon. | ||
| History | 26 Aug 1531 | Rome (Roma), Lazio (Latium), Italy |
| A comet (later called Halley's comet) appears in the night sky | ||
| History | 15 Aug 1534 | The Crypt of, The Chapel of St. Denis, Rue Yvonne le Tac, Paris, Île-de-France, France |
| Ignatius of Loyola (born 1491 Spain died 31 Jul 1556) a Spaniard of Basque origin, and six other students from the University of Paris met to swear a vow of poverty and chastity, to "enter upon hospital and missionary work in Jerusalem, or to go without questioning wherever the pope might direct". They called themselves the Company of Jesus which became the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits and would promote the Catholic Counter-Reformation between 1545 and 1648. | ||
| History | 13 Dec 1545 | Trento, Trento, Italy |
| Holy Roman Emperor Charles V seconded a proposal for a council as a means of reunifying the Church and settling the Reformation controversies. Over twenty-five sessions for three periods between between 13 Dec 1545 and 4 Dec 1563 The Council of Trent issued condemnations on what it defined as Protestant heresies and defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of Saints. The Council of Trent marks the start of the Catholic Counter-Reformation (which ended at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648). It would be over 300 years until the next Ecumenical Council. When announcing Vatican II, Pope John XXIII stated that the precepts of the Council of Trent continue to the modern day, a position that was reaffirmed by Pope Paul VI. | ||
| History | 23 May 1555 | Rome (Roma), Lazio (Latium), Italy |
| Giovanni Pietro Carafa accepts the position of Pope Paul IV apparently because The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was opposed to the accession. Pope IV was an Italian nationalist opposed to what he saw as foreign occupation. He allied with France, and alienated Protestants in England by rejecting the claim of Elizabeth I to the English throne. In 1555 Pope Paul IV issued a canon (papal law), Cum nimis absurdum, by which the Roman Ghetto was created. Jews were then forced to live in seclusion in a specified area of the rione Sant'Angelo, locked in at night, and he decreed they should wear distinctive yellow hats for men and veils or shawls for women. Successive Popes would enforce ghettos in most Italian towns. Pope Pius IX abolished Rome's ghetto in 1870, the last ghetto in Western Europe | ||
| Died | 21 Sep 1558 | Monastery of Yuste, Yuste (Cuacos de Yuste), Extremadura, Spain |
| Buried | El Escorial, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid, Spain |
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El Escorial, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid, Spain |
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| Person ID | I1749990925 | Red1st |
| Last Modified | 2 Dec 2017 | |
| Father | Philip I'the Handsome', First Habsburg King of Castile and Léon, Count of Artois and Flanders, Count Palatine of Burgundy, b. 22 Jul 1478, Bruges, Flanders, Belgium , d. 25 Sep 1506, Burgos, Castile and León, Spain (Age 28 years) | |
| Mother | Joanna (Juana)'the Mad' of Castile, Queen consort of Castille and León, Princess of Asturias, b. 06 Nov 1479, Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain , d. 12 Apr 1555, Tordesillas, Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain (Age 75 years) | |
| Married | 1496 | Lier (Lierre), Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium [1] |
| Family ID | F672837298 | Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Family | Isabella of Portugal, b. 23 Oct 1503, Portugal , d. 01 May 1539, Fuensalida Palace, Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain (Age 35 years) | |||||
| Married | 11 Mar 1525/6 | Seville (Sevilla), Andalucia, Spain |
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| Last Modified | 22 Apr 2009 10:54:54 | |||||
| Family ID | F672595043 | Group Sheet | Family Chart | ||||
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| Photos | | Charles V (Carlos I of Spain) Habsburg, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, House of Spanish Habsburg by Titian |
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