Henry VIII Tudor, King of England and Ireland^{[1, 2, 3, 4]}

1491 - 1547  (55 years)

• Name	Henry VIII Tudor
  Suffix	King of England and Ireland
  Born	28 Jun 1491	Greenwich Palace, Greenwich, Kent, England
  Gender	Male
  Occupation	1494	St. Mary's Undercroft, the Palace of Westminster (the King's Palace), Westminster, Middlesex, England
  	At the age of 3, Henry (the 'spare' not 'aire' to the throne) was created Duke of York by his father to foil plots by counterfeit claimants of the title by pretenders to the throne Perkin Warbeck (born 1474 died 23 Nov 1499 Tyburn, Middlesex, Englaad) and Lambert Simnel (born abt 1477 died abt 1525) who both claimed to be the rightful heir Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York who had mysteriously disappeared from the Tower of London.
  Education	1495 and 1509	Eltham Palace, Eltham, Kent, England
  	Henry was educated, with his sisters, by his mother Elizabeth Plantagenet of York, and in his teenage years was influenced by the Dutch renaissance humanist, catholic christian theologian and scholar Desiderius Erasmus (born 27 Oct 1466/9 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, died 12 July 1536, Basel, Switzerland). As a young Prince at the court of his father Henry VII, Henry VIII met Philip I 'the Handsome' who would become the First Habsburg King of Castile and Léon Philip. Thereafter Henry orresponded with and was mentored by his 3rd cousin whom he regarded as providing a model of leadership towards which Henry aspired.
  Occupation	21 Apr 1509
  	King: 21 Apr 1509 to 28 Jan 1547. Succeeded by Edward VI
  History	Aft 11 Jun 1509	The Old Hall, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England   [5]
  	Henry VIII, without his wife Queen Katherine of Aragon, visits Sir Edward Burgh on a tour of his realm
  History	28 Jun 1513	Dover Castle, Dover, Kent, England
  	In 1511 Pope Julius II proclaimed a Holy League (War of the League of Cambrai, a major conflict in the Italian Wars between 1494 and 1559) against France. Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon spent the night at Dover Castle before the king embarked for France to join the war against Louis XII King of France
  History	16 Aug 1513	Enguinegatte, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
  	The Battle of the Spurs (or Guinegate) so called because of the haste of the French horse to leave the battlefield, saw Henry VIII King of England and Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria rout French cavalry under Jacques de La Palice. At the end of the battle the cities of Thérouanne, Pas-de-Calais, France and Tournai, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium were in the hands of Henry VIII.
  History	Aft 16 Sep 1513	Henry VIII Tower, Tournai, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium
  	Following the Battle of the Spurs, Henry VIII commissions a fort to protect Tournai, the key to the rich cities of Flanders, and England important export market. One tower of which remains today. While on campaign in France, Henry's Queen Catherine of Aragon dispatches an English army commanded by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey to secure a significant defeat of the Scots at the battle of Flodden Field
  History	Mar 1516	Beaulieu Palace, Chelmsford, Essex, England
  	A month before the birth of his daughter Mary, Henry VIII ordered the construction of Beaulieu Palace.
  History	1519	Penshurst Place, Penshurst, Tonbridge, Kent, England
  	Visited Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham
  History	Between 7 Jun 1520 and 24 Jun 1520	Balinghem, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
  	The Field of Cloth of Gold was the site of a spectacular meeting between Henry VIII King of England and Francis I King of France to increase the bond of friendship between the two kings following the Anglo-French treaty of 1518. In a gesture of reconciliation, Henry returns the city of Tournai, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium to France. By one French account it apparently turned sour for Henry when he lost a wrestling match with Francis. Relations between the two countries worsened soon after the event when Cardinal Wolsey arranged an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V of Spain, who declared war on France later that year commencing the Italian War of 1521-1526.
  History	1521	Hampton Court Palace, Hampton, Middlesex, England
  	Rewarding a book by Henry VIII, (only the second book to be written by a king since Alfred the Great) 'the Defence of the Seven Sacraments' attacking Martin Luther, Pope Leo X grants Henry the title 'Defender of the Faith'
  History	Between 1525 and 1534	Hampton Court Palace, Hampton, Middlesex, England
  	Henry VIII was impatient with what he perceived as Catherine of Aragon's inability to produce an heir. All of her children died in infancy except a daughter Mary. Henry needed a male heir to avoid rival claims to the crown, like the Wars of the Roses which had led to his father's succession. In 1525 Henry also grew enamored to the charms young woman in the Queen's entourage, Anne Boleyn. It became an absorbing desire to annul his marriage to Catherine. When Henry sued for an annulment, Pope Clement VII was at the time imprisoned by Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V of Spain and access to him was difficult. It was clear to Henry that the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V would resist the annulment of his aunt's marriage to Henry. And so it was, the Pope forbade Henry to proceed to a new marriage. Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was dismissed and replaced by Sir Thomas More, who initially cooperated with Henry, denouncing Wolsey in Parliament and proclaiming the opinion of theologians at Oxford and Cambridge that the marriage of Henry to Catherine had been unlawful. Henry began to deny the authority of the Pope and More's qualms grew. A year later and Catherine is banished from court and her rooms given to Anne. When Archbishop of Canterbury William Warham dies, Anne has the Boleyn family's chaplain, Thomas Cranmer, appointed his replacement. The King of France saw this was conceded by Rome Henry met with the Francis I of France at Calais in the winter of 1532 to enlist his support for his new marriage. Immediately upon returning to Dover, England, Henry and Anne were wed in secret. She became pregnant and as was the custom with royalty a second wedding service took place in London on 25 Jan 1533. Anne gave birth to a girl who was christened Elizabeth, in honour of Henry's mother. Catherine's daughter, Lady Mary, was declared illegitimate, and Anne's issue declared next in the line of succession. Notable in the declaration was a clause repudiating 'any foreign authority, prince or potentate'. All adults were required to acknowledge the decision by oath and those who refused were subject to imprisonment for life. Any publisher or printer of any literature alleging that the marriage was invalid was automatically guilty of high treason and could be punished by death. Pope Clement VII excommunicated Henry and Cranmer at the same time declaring the annulment to be invalid and the marriage with Anne null and void. Relations with Rome were broken off. The Act of Supremacy 1534 declared that the king was 'the only Supreme Head in Earth of the Church of England' and the Treasons Act 1534 made it high treason, punishable by death, to refuse to acknowledge the king as such. Henry never accepted Lutherism reforms. The Medieval Latin phrase 'ecclesia anglicana' (dating to at least 1246 and with Anglo-Saxon origins) describes 'the Church of England'. Although the terms Anglican and Anglicanism were not in common use until the mid nineteenth century.
  History	1534	Dunkirk (Dunkerque), Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France   [5]
  	Pope Clement VII's papal bull cursing Henry VIII and his entire realm was set up at Dunkirk, the nearest point that his agents dare post it to England. Witnessing the King's rightful rage, William Locke, took himself immediately go to Dunkirk to tear the bull down and bring the offending article home and cast it low at His Majesty's feet. For his act of great daring, Henry VIII knighted William Locke, granted him 100 pounds a year, made him a gentleman of his Privy Chamber and the King's Mercer. His Majesty vouchsafed to dine at his house. Following Henry VIII's break with Rome and anticipating a papal sanctioned large-scale French or Spanish invasion, Henry set about strengthening existing coastal defence fortresses and building ships. He is England's first Euro-sceptic and creates 'Fortress England' patrolled by a mighty ocean going fleet.
  History	Between 1535 and 1542	Wales
  	Henry VIII who came from a Welsh Tudor dynasty, oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts, a series of parliamentary measures by which the legal system of Wales was annexed to England and the norms of English administration introduced in order to create a single state and a single legal jurisdiction, which is frequently referred to as England and Wales
  Residence	Sep 1535	Wulfhall, Savernake Forest, Savernake, Wiltshire, England
  	En route to Windsor with his chief minister Thomas Cromwell, visiting Sir John Seymour, father of future Queen Jane Seymour
  History	Between 1536 and 1541	Lincolnshire, England
  	Henry VIII, now the Supreme Head of the Church of England, found that his Church owned one sixth of all the land in the kingdom. The Dissolution of the Monasteries was the formal process by which Henry disbanded monastic communities in England, Wales and Ireland and confiscated their property. List of monasteries dissolved by Henry VIII Other revolts against the authority of Rome's Church had been under way for some time, most of them related to the Protestant Reformation in Continental Europe. The Lincolnshire Rising was a brief rebellion of Roman Catholics against the establishment of the Church of England. It began at St. James Church, Louth, after evensong on October 1, 1536, shortly after the closure of Louth Abbey. It quickly gained support in Horncastle, Caistor and other nearby towns. It ended on 10 Oct 1536, when King Henry VIII sent word for the occupiers to disperse or face the forces of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, which had already been mobilised. By October 14, few remained in Lincoln. Following the rising, Thomas Kendall, the vicar of Louth and its spiritual leader, was captured and executed. On 13 October 1536, immediately following the failure of the Lincolnshire Rising, Robert Aske led a band of 9,000 followers in the "Pilgrimage of Grace" who entered and occupied York in protest against England's break with Rome and the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The causes of the rebellion have long been debated by historians, but several key themes can be identified: Economic Grievances - The northern gentry had concerns over the new Statute of Uses. There were also popular fears of a new sheep tax. The harvest of 1535 had also led to high food prices, which may have contributed to discontent. Political Grievances - Many northerners had disliked the way in which Henry VIII had 'cast off' Catherine of Aragon. There was also anger at the rise of Thomas Cromwell. Religious Grievances - The local church was, for many in the north, the centre of community life. Many ordinary peasants were worried that their church plate would be confiscated. There were also popular rumours at the time which hinted that baptism might be taxed. The recently released Ten Articles and the new order of prayer issued by the government in 1535 had also made official doctrine more reformed. This went against the conservative beliefs of most northerners.
  Residence	1538	Knole House, Sevenoaks, Kent, England
  	Initially a medieval Archbishop's Palace, Henry VIII coveted it so much that, in 1538, he forced the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, to hand it over to him. Also known today as the childhood home of writer and gardener Vita Sackville-West
  History	22 Apr 1538	Nonsuch Palace, Cuddington, Epsom, Surrey, England
  	Work started on Nonsuch Palace on the first day of Henry's 30th regnal year, and 6 months after the birth of his son Edward VI.
  History	Apr 1539	London, Middlesex, England
  	The Great Bible was the first authorized edition of the Bible in English, authorized by King Henry VIII of England to be read aloud in the church services of the Church of England. The Great Bible was prepared by Myles Coverdale, working under commission of Sir Thomas Cromwell, Secretary to Henry VIII and Vicar General.
  History	1541	The Old Hall, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England
  	Henry VIII King of England had promised to visit his nobles in the north to hear of their grievances following the "Pilgrimage of Grace" in 1536, but he had excused himself with Queen Jane's pregnancy. He returned to The Old Hall, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England in 1541 with his wife Catherine Howard (who on her return shortly after their stay was arrested, accused in some indiscretion with Thomas Culpeper) as guests of Sir Thomas Burgh, 1st Lord Burgh of Gainsborough, 5th Baron Strabolgi. Present is Lady Catherine Parr, Henry VIII's future 6th wife and widow of Lord Burgh's son Sir Edward Burgh.
  Will	30 Dec 1546
  	In his will, dated 30th December 1546, he lists: His true and loving Queen Jane [Seymour], His great uncle King Henry the Sixth, His grandfather King Edward the Fourth, His daughter Mary and Elizabeth, His son Prince Edward, His entirely beloved wife Queen katherine [Parr], Lady Frances his niece, eldest daughte to his laste sister the Franch Queen [Mary who m. Louis XII], Lady Eleanor our niece, second daughter to his said late sister the French Queen.
  Died	28 Jan 1547	Palace of Whitehall, Whitehall, Westminster, Middlesex, England
  	Cause: Septicimea
  Buried	St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England
  	Cause: Next to his wife Jane Seymour, and 100 years later Charles I
  Person ID	I1749983792	Red1st
  Last Modified	7 Aug 2010

  
  

  Father	Henry VII Tudor, King of England, Lord of Ireland, 14th Earl of Richmond,   b. 28 Jan 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales ,   d. 21 Apr 1509, Sheen (Richmond) Palace, Richmond upon Thames, Surrey, England  (Age 52 years)
  Mother	Elizabeth Plantagenet of York, Queen regnant,   b. 11 Feb 1465/6, The Palace of Westminster (the King's Palace), Westminster, Middlesex, England ,   d. 11 Feb 1503, Sheen (Richmond) Palace, Richmond upon Thames, Surrey, England
  Married	18 Jan 1486	Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England   [6]
  Family ID	F672667347	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 1	Catherine of Aragon, Queen consort of England, Princess of Asturias,   b. 16 Dec 1485, Laredo Palace, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain ,   d. 07 Jan 1536, Kimbolton Castle, Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, England  (Age 50 years)
  Married	11 Jun 1509
  Divorced	23 May 1533
  Annulled	23 May 1533	by special court sitting under Cramner
  Children	1. Henry Tudor, Duke of Cornwall,   b. Dec 1514, England ,   d. Abt Jan 1514   2. Stillborn daughter,   b. 31 Jan 1510,   d. 31 Jan 1510  (Age 0 years)   3. Henry, Duke of Cornwall,   b. 1 Jan 1511,   d. 23 Feb 1511  (Age 0 years)   4. 'Bloody' Mary I Tudor, Queen of England and Ireland, Queen consort of Spain,   b. 18 Feb 1516, Palace of Placentia, Greenwich, Kent, England ,   d. 17 Nov 1558, St. James' Palace, Pall Mall, Westminster, Middlesex, England  (Age 42 years)   5. Stillborn son,   b. Oct 1513,   d. Oct 1513  (Age ~ 0 years)   6. Henry, Duke of Cornwall,   b. Dec 1514,   d. Dec 1514  (Age ~ 0 years)   7. Unnamed daughter,   b. 10 Nov 1518,   d. Nov 1518  (Age 0 years)
  Last Modified	1 Sep 2008 20:28:45
  Family ID	F672595041	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 2	Anne Stafford,   b. Abt 1483, Ashby, Leicestershire, England ,   d. Aft 1544  (Age ~ 62 years)
  Married	Between 1510 and 1513
  	Type: Mistress
  Last Modified	19 Apr 2009 12:35:16
  Family ID	F672986315	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 3	Jane Popincourt,   b. Bef 1499, France
  Married	1514
  	Type: Mistress
  Last Modified	19 Apr 2009 17:42:24
  Family ID	F672986320	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 4	Elizabeth'Bessie' Blount,   b. Abt 1502, Kinlet, Shropshire, England ,   d. Between 1539 and 1541  (Age ~ 37 years)
  Married	Type: Mistress; Never married
  Children	1. Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset,   b. 15 Jun 1519, Blackmore, Essex, England ,   d. 18 Jun 1536, St. James' Palace, Pall Mall, Westminster, Middlesex, England  (Age 17 years)
  Last Modified	1 Sep 2008 23:32:58
  Family ID	F672595068	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 5	Anne Boleyn, Marchioness of Pembroke,   b. 1501/7, Blickling Hall, Blickling, Norfolk, England ,   d. 19 May 1536, Tower Green, Tower of London, City of London, Middlesex, England  (Age 29 years)
  Married	25 Jan 1533
  	Type: Privately
  Children	1. Elizabeth I Tudor, Queen of England,   b. 07 Sep 1533, Greenwich, Kent, England ,   d. 24 Mar 1603, Sheen (Richmond) Palace, Richmond upon Thames, Surrey, England  (Age 69 years)   2. Henry, Duke of Cornwall,   b. AUG/SEP 1534   3. Unnamed son,   b. 29 Jan 1536,   d. 29 Jan 1536  (Age 0 years)
  Last Modified	1 Dec 2017 13:10:05
  Family ID	F672595044	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 6	Jane Seymour,   b. 1508/9, England ,   d. 24 Oct 1537, Hampton Court Palace, Hampton, Middlesex, England
  Married	30 May 1536	Queen's Closet, Palace of Whitehall, Whitehall, Westminster, Middlesex, England
  Children	1. Edward VI Tudor, King of England,   b. 12 Oct 1537, Hampton Court Palace, Hampton, Middlesex, England ,   d. 06 Jul 1553, Palace of Placentia, Greenwich, Kent, England  (Age 15 years)
  Last Modified	7 Jul 2010 19:19:58
  Family ID	F672595046	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 7	Anne Bassett,   b. Abt 1521, England
  Married	Between 1538 and 1542
  	Type: Mistress
  Last Modified	19 Apr 2009 12:55:00
  Family ID	F672986317	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 8	Anne of Cleves,   b. 22 Sep 1515, Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany ,   d. 16 Jul 1557, Hever, Kent, England  (Age 41 years)
  Divorced	1540
  Married	06 Jan 1540	Palace of Placentia, Greenwich, Kent, England
  Annulled	9 Jul 1540	non-consummation
  Last Modified	1 Dec 2017 13:13:48
  Family ID	F672595048	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 9	Catherine Howard,   b. Abt 1520/5, Lambeth, Surrey, England ,   d. 13 Feb 1542, Tower of London, City of London, Middlesex, England
  Married	28 Jul 1540	Oatlands (Palace) Park, Weybridge, Surrey, England   [7]
  Divorced	1541
  Last Modified	1 Dec 2017 13:15:12
  Family ID	F672595052	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 10	Catherine Parr,   b. 1512, Kendal Castle, Drumlin, Kendal, Westmorland, England ,   d. 05 Sep 1548, Sudeley Castle, Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, England  (Age 36 years)
  Married	12 Jul 1543	Hampton Court Palace, Hampton, Middlesex, England   [8]
  Photos		Privy Closet, Hampton Court Palace, Middlesex, England Henry VIII and Kateryn Parr married in her Privy Closet ay Hampton Court on the morning of 12 July 1543
  Last Modified	3 Sep 2008 18:49:05
  Family ID	F672595056	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

• Event Map		Born - 28 Jun 1491 - Greenwich Palace, Greenwich, Kent, England Occupation - 1494 - St. Mary's Undercroft, the Palace of Westminster (the King's Palace), Westminster, Middlesex, England Education - 1495 and 1509 - Eltham Palace, Eltham, Kent, England History - Aft 11 Jun 1509 - The Old Hall, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England History - 28 Jun 1513 - Dover Castle, Dover, Kent, England History - 16 Aug 1513 - Enguinegatte, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France History - Aft 16 Sep 1513 - Henry VIII Tower, Tournai, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium History - Mar 1516 - Beaulieu Palace, Chelmsford, Essex, England History - 1519 - Penshurst Place, Penshurst, Tonbridge, Kent, England History - Between 7 Jun 1520 and 24 Jun 1520 - Balinghem, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France History - 1521 - Hampton Court Palace, Hampton, Middlesex, England History - Between 1525 and 1534 - Hampton Court Palace, Hampton, Middlesex, England History - 1534 - Dunkirk (Dunkerque), Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France History - Between 1535 and 1542 - Wales Residence - Sep 1535 - Wulfhall, Savernake Forest, Savernake, Wiltshire, England History - Between 1536 and 1541 - Lincolnshire, England Residence - 1538 - Knole House, Sevenoaks, Kent, England History - 22 Apr 1538 - Nonsuch Palace, Cuddington, Epsom, Surrey, England History - Apr 1539 - London, Middlesex, England Married - 06 Jan 1540 - Palace of Placentia, Greenwich, Kent, England Married - 28 Jul 1540 - Oatlands (Palace) Park, Weybridge, Surrey, England History - 1541 - The Old Hall, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England Married - 12 Jul 1543 - Hampton Court Palace, Hampton, Middlesex, England Died - 28 Jan 1547 - Palace of Whitehall, Whitehall, Westminster, Middlesex, England Buried - - St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England  = Link to Google Earth
  Pin Legend	: Address       : Location       : City/Town       : County/Shire       : State/Province       : Country       : Not Set

  
  

• Photos

  Henry VIII Portrait of Henry VIII after Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/8-1543) The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II

  
  

• Sources

  [S25458533609] Testamenta Vetusta, Ed Nicholas Harris Nicolas, ( Nichols & Son, 1826), The will of Henry VIII, pp. 37-44. [S25458533593] Complete Peerage, G E Cockayne et al, (St. Catherine Press, 29 Great Queen St, Kingsway, London 1910 on), Banbury article, Vol I, p. 401. [S25458533593] Complete Peerage, G E Cockayne et al, (St. Catherine Press, 29 Great Queen St, Kingsway, London 1910 on), Pembroke article, Vol X, p. 404. [S25458533684] Tim Powys-Lybbe. [S50917210077] Sue Allan, (www.mayflowermaid.com). [S25458533589] Dictionary of National Biography, 1st Ed., Ed: Leslie Stephen et al, (Oxford University Press, 1885 to 1900, c. 50 Vols), Henry VII's article. [S25458533589] Dictionary of National Biography, 1st Ed., Ed: Leslie Stephen et al, (Oxford University Press, 1885 to 1900, c. 50 Vols), Katherine Howard's article. [S25458533593] Complete Peerage, G E Cockayne et al, (St. Catherine Press, 29 Great Queen St, Kingsway, London 1910 on), Latimer article, Vol VII, p. 483.